🔹 What is PostgreSQL?
PostgreSQL (often called Postgres) is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) known for:
✅ ACID compliance – Ensuring data consistency
✅ Extensibility – Supporting custom functions, data types, and procedural languages
✅ Advanced indexing – Including GIN, BRIN, and full-text search
✅ Replication & partitioning – Enabling high availability and scalability
✅ JSON & NoSQL support – Allowing semi-structured data storage
PostgreSQL is widely used in enterprise applications, data warehousing, and analytics due to its reliability and performance.
đź“Ś PostgreSQL Naming Conventions
Following a consistent naming convention in PostgreSQL is crucial for readability and maintainability. Here are best practices:
🔹 Database & Schema Naming:
Use lowercase names: customer_db, sales_schema
Avoid special characters and spaces
Use snake_case: order_items, employee_data
🔹 Table Naming:
Use singular names: user, invoice, product
Prefix for clarity if needed: app_users, finance_transactions
🔹 Column Naming:
Keep it descriptive but short: first_name, created_at
Avoid reserved keywords
🔹 Index Naming:
Include table & column name: idx_users_email, idx_orders_date
🔹 Constraint Naming:
Follow a pattern: chk_orders_status, fk_orders_customer_id
Following these conventions helps in avoiding conflicts and makes queries more readable.
đź“Ź PostgreSQL Limits You Should Know
Understanding PostgreSQL limits is essential for database design and performance optimization. Here are key constraints:
🔹 Max Table Size: 32 TB
🔹 Max Row Size: 1.6 TB
🔹 Max Column per Table: 1,600
🔹 Max Index per Table: Unlimited (practically constrained by storage)
🔹 Max Connections: Default 100 (can be increased)
Knowing these limits helps in designing scalable high-performance applications! 🚀
đź› Understanding PostgreSQL Page Layout
PostgreSQL stores data in pages (also called blocks) of 8 KB each. Every table and index is made up of these pages. Here’s how a PostgreSQL page is structured:
🔹 Header (24 bytes) – Stores metadata about the page
🔹 Item Pointer Array – Index pointing to tuples (rows)
🔹 Tuple Data – Actual row data
🔹 Free Space – Available space for future updates